WHR TCC - PUC-MG

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	16
Number of observations	2.098
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	262.4 KiB
Average record size in memory	128.1 B

Variable types

Categorical	2
Numeric	14

Alerts

`country` has a high cardinality: 165 distinct values	High cardinality
`score` is highly correlated with `gdp` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`gdp` is highly correlated with `score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`social_support` is highly correlated with `score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`hle` is highly correlated with `score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`freedom` is highly correlated with `score` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`positive_affect` is highly correlated with `score` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`rounded_score` is highly correlated with `score` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`scaled_hle` is highly correlated with `score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`score` is highly correlated with `gdp` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`gdp` is highly correlated with `score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`social_support` is highly correlated with `score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`hle` is highly correlated with `score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`freedom` is highly correlated with `score` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`positive_affect` is highly correlated with `score` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`rounded_score` is highly correlated with `score` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`scaled_hle` is highly correlated with `score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`score` is highly correlated with `gdp` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`gdp` is highly correlated with `score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`social_support` is highly correlated with `score` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`hle` is highly correlated with `score` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`rounded_score` is highly correlated with `score` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`scaled_hle` is highly correlated with `score` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`region` is highly correlated with `score` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`score` is highly correlated with `region` and 9 other fields	High correlation
`gdp` is highly correlated with `region` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`social_support` is highly correlated with `region` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`hle` is highly correlated with `region` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`freedom` is highly correlated with `score` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`generosity` is highly correlated with `gdp` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`corruption` is highly correlated with `region` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`positive_affect` is highly correlated with `score` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`negative_affect` is highly correlated with `positive_affect`	High correlation
`cat_region` is highly correlated with `region` and 10 other fields	High correlation
`cat_country` is highly correlated with `region` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`rounded_score` is highly correlated with `region` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`scaled_hle` is highly correlated with `region` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`score` has unique values	Unique
`cat_region` has 321 (15.3%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-07-23 17:08:14.075740
Analysis finished	2022-07-23 17:08:40.423836
Duration	26.35 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.2.0
Download configuration	config.json

country
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	165
Distinct (%)	7.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

congo	19
tajikistan	16
lithuania	16
saudi arabia	16
turkey	16
Other values (160)	2015

Length

Max length	25
Median length	23
Mean length	8.229742612
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	17.266
Distinct characters	28
Distinct categories	3 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	4 ?
Unique (%)	0.2%

Sample

1st row	afghanistan
2nd row	afghanistan
3rd row	afghanistan
4th row	afghanistan
5th row	afghanistan

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
congo	19	0.9%
tajikistan	16	0.8%
lithuania	16	0.8%
saudi arabia	16	0.8%
turkey	16	0.8%
denmark	16	0.8%
thailand	16	0.8%
dominican republic	16	0.8%
ecuador	16	0.8%
egypt	16	0.8%
Other values (155)	1935	92.2%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
united	46	1.8%
china	42	1.7%
south	36	1.4%
republic	34	1.4%
of	26	1.0%
north	22	0.9%
cyprus	22	0.9%
congo	19	0.8%
and	19	0.8%
uruguay	16	0.6%
Other values (176)	2233	88.8%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	2862	16.6%
i	1646	9.5%
n	1547	9.0%
e	1240	7.2%
r	1109	6.4%
o	983	5.7%
s	782	4.5%
t	768	4.4%
l	730	4.2%
u	657	3.8%
Other values (18)	4942	28.6%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	16813	97.4%
Space Separator	417	2.4%
Other Punctuation	36	0.2%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	2862	17.0%
i	1646	9.8%
n	1547	9.2%
e	1240	7.4%
r	1109	6.6%
o	983	5.8%
s	782	4.7%
t	768	4.6%
l	730	4.3%
u	657	3.9%
Other values (16)	4489	26.7%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	417	100.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	36	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	16813	97.4%
Common	453	2.6%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	2862	17.0%
i	1646	9.8%
n	1547	9.2%
e	1240	7.4%
r	1109	6.6%
o	983	5.8%
s	782	4.7%
t	768	4.6%
l	730	4.3%
u	657	3.9%
Other values (16)	4489	26.7%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	417	92.1%
.	36	7.9%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	17266	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	2862	16.6%
i	1646	9.5%
n	1547	9.0%
e	1240	7.2%
r	1109	6.4%
o	983	5.7%
s	782	4.5%
t	768	4.4%
l	730	4.2%
u	657	3.8%
Other values (18)	4942	28.6%

region
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	11
Distinct (%)	0.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

sub-saharan africa	463
asia	321
latin amer. and carib	309
western europe	292
eastern europe	196
Other values (6)	517

Length

Max length	21
Median length	18
Mean length	14.2135367
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	29.820
Distinct characters	21
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	asia
2nd row	asia
3rd row	asia
4th row	asia
5th row	asia

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
sub-saharan africa	463	22.1%
asia	321	15.3%
latin amer. and carib	309	14.7%
western europe	292	13.9%
eastern europe	196	9.3%
c.w. of ind. states	182	8.7%
near east	171	8.2%
northern africa	56	2.7%
baltics	46	2.2%
northern america	32	1.5%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
africa	519	10.9%
europe	488	10.2%
sub-saharan	463	9.7%
asia	321	6.7%
latin	309	6.5%
amer	309	6.5%
and	309	6.5%
carib	309	6.5%
western	292	6.1%
eastern	196	4.1%
Other values (10)	1266	26.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	5195	17.4%
r	2955	9.9%
e	2935	9.8%
	2683	9.0%
s	2316	7.8%
n	2128	7.1%
i	1748	5.9%
t	1466	4.9%
c	1118	3.7%
u	951	3.2%
Other values (11)	6325	21.2%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	25819	86.6%
Space Separator	2683	9.0%
Other Punctuation	855	2.9%
Dash Punctuation	463	1.6%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	5195	20.1%
r	2955	11.4%
e	2935	11.4%
s	2316	9.0%
n	2128	8.2%
i	1748	6.8%
t	1466	5.7%
c	1118	4.3%
u	951	3.7%
b	818	3.2%
Other values (8)	4189	16.2%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2683	100.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	855	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	463	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	25819	86.6%
Common	4001	13.4%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	5195	20.1%
r	2955	11.4%
e	2935	11.4%
s	2316	9.0%
n	2128	8.2%
i	1748	6.8%
t	1466	5.7%
c	1118	4.3%
u	951	3.7%
b	818	3.2%
Other values (8)	4189	16.2%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2683	67.1%
.	855	21.4%
-	463	11.6%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	29820	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	5195	17.4%
r	2955	9.9%
e	2935	9.8%
	2683	9.0%
s	2316	7.8%
n	2128	7.1%
i	1748	5.9%
t	1466	4.9%
c	1118	3.7%
u	951	3.2%
Other values (11)	6325	21.2%

score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
UNIQUE

Distinct	2098
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.471402821

Minimum	2.375091791
Maximum	8.01893425
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.375091791
5-th percentile	3.677594018
Q1	4.652504206
median	5.391887426
Q3	6.28298223
95-th percentile	7.377043867
Maximum	8.01893425
Range	5.643842459
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.630478024

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.112681737
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2033631544
Kurtosis	-0.6720955235
Mean	5.471402821
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.8010075092
Skewness	0.05668185573
Sum	11479.00312
Variance	1.238060647
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.723589897	1	< 0.1%
5.405246258	1	< 0.1%
6.24209404	1	< 0.1%
6.111485004	1	< 0.1%
6.201268196	1	< 0.1%
6.162076473	1	< 0.1%
6.007021904	1	< 0.1%
5.750282288	1	< 0.1%
5.746131897	1	< 0.1%
5.87593174	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2088)	2088	99.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.375091791	1	< 0.1%
2.522900105	1	< 0.1%
2.66171813	1	< 0.1%
2.687552929	1	< 0.1%
2.693061113	1	< 0.1%
2.693523169	1	< 0.1%
2.694303274	1	< 0.1%
2.701591253	1	< 0.1%
2.807855129	1	< 0.1%
2.816622496	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8.01893425	1	< 0.1%
7.970891953	1	< 0.1%
7.889349937	1	< 0.1%
7.85810709	1	< 0.1%
7.842100143	1	< 0.1%
7.834233284	1	< 0.1%
7.788251877	1	< 0.1%
7.78823185	1	< 0.1%
7.780347824	1	< 0.1%
7.776208878	1	< 0.1%

gdp
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2052
Distinct (%)	97.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	9.374486027

Minimum	6.635322094
Maximum	11.64816856
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	6.635322094
5-th percentile	7.375650191
Q1	8.48026371
median	9.457890987
Q3	10.35551786
95-th percentile	10.93099761
Maximum	11.64816856
Range	5.01284647
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.875254154

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.148659569
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1225304049
Kurtosis	-0.8417607475
Mean	9.374486027
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.9386706352
Skewness	-0.3124240913
Sum	19667.67168
Variance	1.319418805
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9.374486027	19	0.9%
9.584374428	5	0.2%
9.073103905	5	0.2%
10.87099552	5	0.2%
7.578436852	4	0.2%
8.48453331	4	0.2%
11.00031281	3	0.1%
9.825985909	2	0.1%
9.186201096	2	0.1%
7.925776958	2	0.1%
Other values (2042)	2047	97.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6.635322094	2	0.1%
6.678227425	1	< 0.1%
6.718762398	1	< 0.1%
6.723308563	1	< 0.1%
6.728164196	1	< 0.1%
6.74191618	1	< 0.1%
6.748176098	1	< 0.1%
6.775823116	1	< 0.1%
6.78501606	1	< 0.1%
6.786983013	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11.64816856	1	< 0.1%
11.64656448	1	< 0.1%
11.64491749	1	< 0.1%
11.64002991	1	< 0.1%
11.63357162	1	< 0.1%
11.61685276	1	< 0.1%
11.59828949	1	< 0.1%
11.59455585	1	< 0.1%
11.59170723	1	< 0.1%
11.57978916	1	< 0.1%

social_support
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2093
Distinct (%)	99.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.8127308467

Minimum	0.29018417
Maximum	0.9873434901
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.29018417
5-th percentile	0.5689787805
Q1	0.7499016374
median	0.8347702026
Q3	0.9050675035
95-th percentile	0.9509908259
Maximum	0.9873434901
Range	0.6971593201
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.155165866

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.118087546
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1452972364
Kurtosis	1.137096834
Mean	0.8127308467
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.07520955801
Skewness	-1.099925814
Sum	1705.109316
Variance	0.01394466852
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.8127308467	2	0.1%
0.6909812093	2	0.1%
0.8381316662	2	0.1%
0.5599959493	2	0.1%
0.8019434214	2	0.1%
0.9119349122	1	< 0.1%
0.9359238744	1	< 0.1%
0.9045786262	1	< 0.1%
0.95506531	1	< 0.1%
0.8510285616	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2083)	2083	99.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.29018417	1	< 0.1%
0.2909338176	1	< 0.1%
0.2913336754	1	< 0.1%
0.302955091	1	< 0.1%
0.319589138	1	< 0.1%
0.3256925344	1	< 0.1%
0.372907877	1	< 0.1%
0.3823735118	1	< 0.1%
0.3873909116	1	< 0.1%
0.4199728668	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9873434901	1	< 0.1%
0.984940052	1	< 0.1%
0.9844889641	1	< 0.1%
0.9832860827	1	< 0.1%
0.9829378724	1	< 0.1%
0.9828737378	1	< 0.1%
0.9825217128	1	< 0.1%
0.9818245769	1	< 0.1%
0.9815017581	1	< 0.1%
0.9802832007	1	< 0.1%

hle
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	962
Distinct (%)	45.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	63.47850266

Minimum	32.29999924
Maximum	77.09999847
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	32.29999924
5-th percentile	49.2939991
Q1	59
median	65.09999847
Q3	68.53499985
95-th percentile	73
Maximum	77.09999847
Range	44.79999924
Interquartile range (IQR)	9.534999847

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	7.370184677
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1161052068
Kurtosis	0.02748816822
Mean	63.47850266
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4.599998474
Skewness	-0.747304549
Sum	133177.8986
Variance	54.31962218
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
63.47850266	55	2.6%
72.19999695	16	0.8%
73	15	0.7%
66.40000153	14	0.7%
67.19999695	14	0.7%
66.59999847	13	0.6%
65.5	12	0.6%
72.59999847	12	0.6%
72.40000153	12	0.6%
66.80000305	12	0.6%
Other values (952)	1923	91.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
32.29999924	1	< 0.1%
36.86000061	1	< 0.1%
40.29999924	1	< 0.1%
40.38000107	1	< 0.1%
40.80829239	1	< 0.1%
40.90000153	1	< 0.1%
41.20000076	1	< 0.1%
41.41999817	1	< 0.1%
41.58000183	1	< 0.1%
42.09999847	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
77.09999847	1	< 0.1%
76.95285797	1	< 0.1%
76.82009125	1	< 0.1%
76.80000305	1	< 0.1%
76.5	1	< 0.1%
76.19999695	1	< 0.1%
75.90000153	1	< 0.1%
75.68000031	1	< 0.1%
75.45999908	1	< 0.1%
75.19999695	1	< 0.1%

freedom
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2084
Distinct (%)	99.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.7470967404

Minimum	0.2575338185
Maximum	0.9851777554
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.2575338185
5-th percentile	0.4823555097
Q1	0.6530638486
median	0.768430233
Q3	0.8614373654
95-th percentile	0.9354187995
Maximum	0.9851777554
Range	0.7276439369
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.2083735168

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1409309638
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1886381726
Kurtosis	-0.08191879678
Mean	0.7470967404
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1037042141
Skewness	-0.651114902
Sum	1567.408961
Variance	0.01986153657
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.832002461	5	0.2%
0.8766868114	3	0.1%
0.9042927027	3	0.1%
0.5521671772	2	0.1%
0.7552774549	2	0.1%
0.68355757	2	0.1%
0.924333632	2	0.1%
0.8772625923	2	0.1%
0.9585790634	2	0.1%
0.8296419978	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2074)	2074	98.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.2575338185	1	< 0.1%
0.2600693107	1	< 0.1%
0.2814579308	1	< 0.1%
0.2868143916	1	< 0.1%
0.2946117818	1	< 0.1%
0.3035404086	1	< 0.1%
0.3061318994	1	< 0.1%
0.3145646155	1	< 0.1%
0.3324361145	1	< 0.1%
0.3333120942	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9851777554	1	< 0.1%
0.9838030338	1	< 0.1%
0.9799371362	1	< 0.1%
0.9711350203	1	< 0.1%
0.9702945352	1	< 0.1%
0.97013098	1	< 0.1%
0.9698979855	1	< 0.1%
0.9697883725	1	< 0.1%
0.9685804844	1	< 0.1%
0.9678692818	1	< 0.1%

generosity
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2017
Distinct (%)	96.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-0.002155023477

Minimum	-0.3350402415
Maximum	0.6980987787
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	1198
Negative (%)	57.1%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-0.3350402415
5-th percentile	-0.2264967509
Q1	-0.1155220345
median	-0.02770951204
Q3	0.08837877028
95-th percentile	0.2992026806
Maximum	0.6980987787
Range	1.03313902
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.2039008047

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1601329
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-74.30680068
Kurtosis	0.9003523515
Mean	-0.002155023477
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1007356476
Skewness	0.8222240574
Sum	-4.521239255
Variance	0.02564254566
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.02770951204	20	1.0%
0.218476817	6	0.3%
-0.1687570512	6	0.3%
-0.07049440593	5	0.2%
-0.1625217497	5	0.2%
-0.1467122287	4	0.2%
0.06734424829	3	0.1%
0.06052568555	2	0.1%
0.03010889329	2	0.1%
-0.0811386779	2	0.1%
Other values (2007)	2043	97.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.3350402415	1	< 0.1%
-0.3164393008	1	< 0.1%
-0.3065615594	1	< 0.1%
-0.3050121963	1	< 0.1%
-0.3049077392	1	< 0.1%
-0.303203851	1	< 0.1%
-0.3028769791	1	< 0.1%
-0.2963664532	1	< 0.1%
-0.2950957119	1	< 0.1%
-0.2930517793	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6980987787	1	< 0.1%
0.6893180013	1	< 0.1%
0.6875602007	1	< 0.1%
0.6794263721	1	< 0.1%
0.6500090957	1	< 0.1%
0.6449750662	1	< 0.1%
0.5611383915	1	< 0.1%
0.5553480387	1	< 0.1%
0.5525214076	1	< 0.1%
0.5415529609	1	< 0.1%

corruption
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2006
Distinct (%)	95.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.7449791153

Minimum	0.03519798815
Maximum	0.9832760096
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.03519798815
5-th percentile	0.3208666831
Q1	0.6935741156
median	0.7944760323
Q3	0.8661777973
95-th percentile	0.9394406527
Maximum	0.9832760096
Range	0.9480780214
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1726036817

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1825190928
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.244998939
Kurtosis	2.080574333
Mean	0.7449791153
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0829115808
Skewness	-1.532030244
Sum	1562.966184
Variance	0.03331321924
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.7449791153	78	3.7%
0.6529858112	6	0.3%
0.7947775126	3	0.1%
0.8595834374	2	0.1%
0.7605333924	2	0.1%
0.7446727157	2	0.1%
0.8002877235	2	0.1%
0.2374600023	2	0.1%
0.08195857704	2	0.1%
0.8031488657	2	0.1%
Other values (1996)	1997	95.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.03519798815	1	< 0.1%
0.04731115326	1	< 0.1%
0.06028206646	1	< 0.1%
0.06361488253	1	< 0.1%
0.06577527523	1	< 0.1%
0.06961960346	1	< 0.1%
0.07800018042	1	< 0.1%
0.08132489771	1	< 0.1%
0.08195857704	2	0.1%
0.09460446984	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9832760096	1	< 0.1%
0.9829308987	1	< 0.1%
0.978800118	1	< 0.1%
0.9769173861	1	< 0.1%
0.976777494	1	< 0.1%
0.9763396382	1	< 0.1%
0.9760610461	1	< 0.1%
0.9736863375	1	< 0.1%
0.9727389812	1	< 0.1%
0.9726685882	1	< 0.1%

positive_affect
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1939
Distinct (%)	92.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.709531264

Minimum	0.3216897547
Maximum	0.9436206222
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.3216897547
5-th percentile	0.5290372968
Q1	0.6259798557
median	0.721203506
Q3	0.7967924476
95-th percentile	0.8615489691
Maximum	0.9436206222
Range	0.6219308674
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1708125919

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1065538581
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1501750008
Kurtosis	-0.467234684
Mean	0.709531264
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.08407738805
Skewness	-0.3913917137
Sum	1488.596592
Variance	0.01135372469
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.709531264	8	0.4%
0.5846338868	3	0.1%
0.5849443078	3	0.1%
0.5871824026	3	0.1%
0.5810673833	3	0.1%
0.7488976121	2	0.1%
0.6479195356	2	0.1%
0.7832698822	2	0.1%
0.7058346272	2	0.1%
0.7966610193	2	0.1%
Other values (1929)	2068	98.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.3216897547	2	0.1%
0.3513870537	2	0.1%
0.3624976873	1	< 0.1%
0.3694396019	1	< 0.1%
0.3842924535	2	0.1%
0.3869867027	1	< 0.1%
0.4209618866	1	< 0.1%
0.4222274721	1	< 0.1%
0.4229276478	1	< 0.1%
0.4241253138	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9436206222	1	< 0.1%
0.9343736768	1	< 0.1%
0.9245609641	1	< 0.1%
0.9189370871	1	< 0.1%
0.9168009758	1	< 0.1%
0.9104969501	1	< 0.1%
0.9061784744	1	< 0.1%
0.9027721286	1	< 0.1%
0.9012679458	1	< 0.1%
0.9006676674	1	< 0.1%

negative_affect
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1938
Distinct (%)	92.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.2710992047

Minimum	0.08273695409
Maximum	0.7045896649
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.08273695409
5-th percentile	0.1513604492
Q1	0.2081296816
median	0.260602951
Q3	0.3227720782
95-th percentile	0.4242400825
Maximum	0.7045896649
Range	0.6218527108
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1146423966

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.08548124039
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3153135048
Kurtosis	0.7113558718
Mean	0.2710992047
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.05562014878
Skewness	0.6927269757
Sum	568.7661315
Variance	0.007307042459
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.260602951	8	0.4%
0.2151977569	3	0.1%
0.4387743473	3	0.1%
0.2564311922	3	0.1%
0.4403873086	3	0.1%
0.3268890083	3	0.1%
0.4381344616	2	0.1%
0.2856097519	2	0.1%
0.4247066677	2	0.1%
0.3216842115	2	0.1%
Other values (1928)	2067	98.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.08273695409	2	0.1%
0.08342576027	1	< 0.1%
0.09269564599	1	< 0.1%
0.09341238439	1	< 0.1%
0.09431612492	1	< 0.1%
0.09549049288	1	< 0.1%
0.09963038564	1	< 0.1%
0.1034937948	1	< 0.1%
0.1061581746	1	< 0.1%
0.1068707779	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.7045896649	1	< 0.1%
0.6425887346	1	< 0.1%
0.6222299337	1	< 0.1%
0.5993354917	1	< 0.1%
0.5905387402	1	< 0.1%
0.5812669396	1	< 0.1%
0.5697580576	1	< 0.1%
0.5636311173	1	< 0.1%
0.5570986867	1	< 0.1%
0.5542787313	1	< 0.1%

year
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	17
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2013.768827

Minimum	2005
Maximum	2021
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2005
5-th percentile	2006
Q1	2010
median	2014
Q3	2018
95-th percentile	2021
Maximum	2021
Range	16
Interquartile range (IQR)	8

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.486448695
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.002227886654
Kurtosis	-1.07123813
Mean	2013.768827
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	-0.0958651162
Sum	4224887
Variance	20.1282219
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=17)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2021	149	7.1%
2017	147	7.0%
2011	146	7.0%
2014	145	6.9%
2019	144	6.9%
2015	143	6.8%
2018	142	6.8%
2016	142	6.8%
2012	142	6.8%
2013	137	6.5%
Other values (7)	661	31.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2005	27	1.3%
2006	89	4.2%
2007	102	4.9%
2008	110	5.2%
2009	114	5.4%
2010	124	5.9%
2011	146	7.0%
2012	142	6.8%
2013	137	6.5%
2014	145	6.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2021	149	7.1%
2020	95	4.5%
2019	144	6.9%
2018	142	6.8%
2017	147	7.0%
2016	142	6.8%
2015	143	6.8%
2014	145	6.9%
2013	137	6.5%
2012	142	6.8%

cat_region
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	11
Distinct (%)	0.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.23164919

Minimum	0
Maximum	10
Zeros	321
Zeros (%)	15.3%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	2
median	4
Q3	9
95-th percentile	10
Maximum	10
Range	10
Interquartile range (IQR)	7

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.557646965
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6800239917
Kurtosis	-1.430845831
Mean	5.23164919
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	4
Skewness	-0.01141648249
Sum	10976
Variance	12.65685193
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=11)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9	463	22.1%
0	321	15.3%
4	309	14.7%
10	292	13.9%
3	196	9.3%
2	182	8.7%
5	171	8.2%
6	56	2.7%
1	46	2.2%
7	32	1.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	321	15.3%
1	46	2.2%
2	182	8.7%
3	196	9.3%
4	309	14.7%
5	171	8.2%
6	56	2.7%
7	32	1.5%
8	30	1.4%
9	463	22.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	292	13.9%
9	463	22.1%
8	30	1.4%
7	32	1.5%
6	56	2.7%
5	171	8.2%
4	309	14.7%
3	196	9.3%
2	182	8.7%
1	46	2.2%

cat_country
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	165
Distinct (%)	7.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	81.99809342

Minimum	0
Maximum	164
Zeros	13
Zeros (%)	0.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	8
Q1	41
median	80
Q3	123
95-th percentile	157.15
Maximum	164
Range	164
Interquartile range (IQR)	82

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	47.95015092
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5847715345
Kurtosis	-1.195623023
Mean	81.99809342
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	41
Skewness	0.03297796362
Sum	172032
Variance	2299.216973
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
32	19	0.9%
145	16	0.8%
84	16	0.8%
124	16	0.8%
151	16	0.8%
38	16	0.8%
147	16	0.8%
40	16	0.8%
41	16	0.8%
42	16	0.8%
Other values (155)	1935	92.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	13	0.6%
1	14	0.7%
2	9	0.4%
3	4	0.2%
4	16	0.8%
5	15	0.7%
6	15	0.7%
7	14	0.7%
8	15	0.7%
9	12	0.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
164	16	0.8%
163	15	0.7%
162	13	0.6%
161	15	0.7%
160	16	0.8%
159	14	0.7%
158	16	0.8%
157	16	0.8%
156	16	0.8%
155	14	0.7%

rounded_score
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	7
Distinct (%)	0.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	5.45471878

Minimum	2
Maximum	8
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	4
Q1	5
median	5
Q3	6
95-th percentile	7
Maximum	8
Range	6
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.133484439
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2077988774
Kurtosis	-0.5502919417
Mean	5.45471878
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	0.06012432493
Sum	11444
Variance	1.284786974
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=7)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5	687	32.7%
6	561	26.7%
4	371	17.7%
7	362	17.3%
3	61	2.9%
8	55	2.6%
2	1	< 0.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1	< 0.1%
3	61	2.9%
4	371	17.7%
5	687	32.7%
6	561	26.7%
7	362	17.3%
8	55	2.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8	55	2.6%
7	362	17.3%
6	561	26.7%
5	687	32.7%
4	371	17.7%
3	61	2.9%
2	1	< 0.1%

scaled_hle
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	962
Distinct (%)	45.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.6211214666

Minimum	0.1757142748
Maximum	0.8157142639
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	16.5 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1757142748
5-th percentile	0.4184857014
Q1	0.5571428571
median	0.6442856925
Q3	0.6933571407
95-th percentile	0.7571428571
Maximum	0.8157142639
Range	0.6399999891
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.1362142835

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1052883525
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1695133049
Kurtosis	0.02748816822
Mean	0.6211214666
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.06571426392
Skewness	-0.747304549
Sum	1303.112837
Variance	0.01108563718
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.6211214666	55	2.6%
0.7457142421	16	0.8%
0.7571428571	15	0.7%
0.6628571647	14	0.7%
0.6742856707	14	0.7%
0.6657142639	13	0.6%
0.65	12	0.6%
0.7514285496	12	0.6%
0.7485714504	12	0.6%
0.6685714722	12	0.6%
Other values (952)	1923	91.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1757142748	1	< 0.1%
0.2408571516	1	< 0.1%
0.2899999891	1	< 0.1%
0.2911428724	1	< 0.1%
0.2972613198	1	< 0.1%
0.2985714504	1	< 0.1%
0.3028571538	1	< 0.1%
0.3059999738	1	< 0.1%
0.3082857404	1	< 0.1%
0.3157142639	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.8157142639	1	< 0.1%
0.8136122567	1	< 0.1%
0.8117155893	1	< 0.1%
0.811428615	1	< 0.1%
0.8071428571	1	< 0.1%
0.8028570993	1	< 0.1%
0.7985714504	1	< 0.1%
0.7954285758	1	< 0.1%
0.7922857012	1	< 0.1%
0.788571385	1	< 0.1%

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	country	region	score	gdp	social_support	hle	freedom	generosity	corruption	positive_affect	negative_affect	year	rounded_score	scaled_hle
0	afghanistan	asia	3.723590	7.370100	0.450662	50.799999	0.718114	0.167640	0.881686	0.517637	0.258195	2008	4.0	0.440000
1	afghanistan	asia	4.401778	7.539972	0.552308	51.200001	0.678896	0.190099	0.850035	0.583926	0.237092	2009	4.0	0.445714
2	afghanistan	asia	4.758381	7.646709	0.539075	51.599998	0.600127	0.120590	0.706766	0.618265	0.275324	2010	5.0	0.451429
3	afghanistan	asia	3.831719	7.619532	0.521104	51.919998	0.495901	0.162427	0.731109	0.611387	0.267175	2011	4.0	0.456000
4	afghanistan	asia	3.782938	7.705479	0.520637	52.240002	0.530935	0.236032	0.775620	0.710385	0.267919	2012	4.0	0.460571
5	afghanistan	asia	3.572100	7.725029	0.483552	52.560001	0.577955	0.061148	0.823204	0.620585	0.273328	2013	4.0	0.465143
6	afghanistan	asia	3.130896	7.718354	0.525568	52.880001	0.508514	0.104013	0.871242	0.531691	0.374861	2014	3.0	0.469714
7	afghanistan	asia	3.982855	7.701992	0.528597	53.200001	0.388928	0.079864	0.880638	0.553553	0.339276	2015	4.0	0.474286
8	afghanistan	asia	4.220169	7.696560	0.559072	53.000000	0.522566	0.042265	0.793246	0.564953	0.348332	2016	4.0	0.471429
9	afghanistan	asia	2.661718	7.697381	0.490880	52.799999	0.427011	-0.121303	0.954393	0.496349	0.371326	2017	3.0	0.468571

Last rows

	country	region	score	gdp	social_support	hle	freedom	generosity	corruption	positive_affect	negative_affect	year	cat_region	cat_country	rounded_score	scaled_hle
2088	burundi	sub-saharan africa	3.7753	6.635322	0.490326	53.400002	0.626350	-0.023876	0.606935	0.666442	0.362767	2021	9	22	4.0	0.477143
2089	yemen	near east	3.6579	7.578437	0.831537	57.121571	0.602157	-0.146712	0.800288	0.542806	0.213043	2021	5	162	4.0	0.530308
2090	tanzania	sub-saharan africa	3.6232	7.875572	0.702071	57.998993	0.833137	0.183150	0.576986	0.685533	0.271118	2021	9	146	4.0	0.542843
2091	haiti	latin amer. and carib	3.6149	7.477138	0.539504	55.700001	0.593356	0.421520	0.721049	0.584113	0.358720	2021	4	57	4.0	0.510000
2092	malawi	sub-saharan africa	3.6000	6.957525	0.536995	57.947525	0.779703	0.038402	0.729065	0.536697	0.348162	2021	9	87	4.0	0.542108
2093	lesotho	sub-saharan africa	3.5118	7.925777	0.786871	48.700001	0.714954	-0.130536	0.915377	0.734880	0.273426	2021	9	81	4.0	0.410000
2094	botswana	sub-saharan africa	3.4665	9.781536	0.784171	59.269188	0.824394	-0.246159	0.800619	0.711796	0.272722	2021	9	18	3.0	0.560988
2095	rwanda	sub-saharan africa	3.4147	7.676118	0.552339	61.399727	0.896758	0.060526	0.166801	0.736068	0.417668	2021	9	123	3.0	0.591425
2096	zimbabwe	sub-saharan africa	3.1448	7.942595	0.750470	56.200840	0.676700	-0.047346	0.820999	0.702573	0.345736	2021	9	164	3.0	0.517155
2097	afghanistan	asia	2.5229	7.694710	0.462596	52.492615	0.381749	-0.101684	0.924338	0.351387	0.502474	2021	0	0	3.0	0.464180

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Space Separator

Other Punctuation

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Space Separator

Other Punctuation

Dash Punctuation

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows